New synthetic products (NPS): Understanding the risks

- Fabien de CBDTECH

New synthetic products (NPS) represent an emerging class of psychoactive substances designed to imitate the effects of illicit drugs, but often with increased power and dangers that are still poorly understood. Since 2008, 450 NPS were identified in France, of which 17 new in 2023, according to the sintes point n ° 10. This proliferation highlights the importance of increased public awareness and reinforced alertness.

Summary table: main families of NPS, their action mechanisms and their dangers

Family	Action mechanisms	Associated dangers
Synthetic cannabinoids	Read at cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 of the brain, up to 100 times more powerful than THC.	Intense effects (anxiety, hallucinations), increased risk of overdose, possible dependence, cognitive disorders.
Cathinons	Stimulate the central nervous system by increasing the release of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin.	Hyperstimulation, aggressiveness, panic attacks, chronic insomnia, risk of rapid addiction.
Synthetic opioids	Act on the MU, Delta and Kappa opioid receptors, causing intense analgesia and euphoria.	Mortal risk of overdose, rapid physical dependence, serious side effects (respiratory depression).
Synthetic benzodiazepines	Modulate the gabaergic system, resulting in sedation, muscle relaxation and anxiolysis.	Rapid dependence, excessive drowsiness, memory disorders, dangerous interactions with other substances.
Arylcyclohexylamines	Disturbing glutatic and dopaminergic neurotransmissions, simulating effects close to ketamine.	Hallucinations, confusion, cognitive disorders, detachment of reality, risk of psychological dependence.

Role of CBD stores in the dissemination of NPS

Although the Cannabidiol (CBD) is legal under certain conditions in France, its market has sometimes been used as a coverage to sell illegal or unregulated substances, including Synthetic cannabinoids. The latter are often presented as "relaxing oils" or "aromatic herbs", misleading consumers.

Marketing deception : Some products are marketed with ambiguous labels, without clearly mentioning their exact composition.
Frequent adults : Next to 40 % of samples analyzed did not contain the substances described on the label, indicating fraudulent practices aimed at maximizing profits.
Lack of control : In the absence of strict regulation, these shops use legal flaws to distribute potentially dangerous products.

Resources available to get help or report a problem

Medical emergencies : Health emergency number - 112 Or 15 For any critical situation requiring immediate intervention.
SOS Addictions : Offer free psychological support via the number 0 800 23 13 13 (anonymous and confidential call).
OFDT website : [www.ofdt.fr] - Updated information on NPS, their dangers and addictive trends.
Local prevention programs : Contact your town hall or social center to find out local awareness and prevention initiatives.
Report : If you suspect the illegal NPS sale, contact the competent authorities via the police or the gendarmerie.

Practical advice for the public

Avoid unregulated products : Never consume substances from unreliable sources or presented as "experimental".
Stay informed : Regularly consult official sites like that of OFDT to stay informed of new trends and dangers.
Talk about it around you : Sensitize those around you, especially young people, to the risks linked to NPS.
Look for help if necessary : Do not hesitate to contact professionals if you or someone you know is faced with problems related to NPS.
Take care of yourself in the event of accidental exposure : In the event of suspicious symptoms after consumption of a substance, immediately call emergencies.

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